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- <text id=91TT1991>
- <title>
- Sep. 09, 1991: Down and Out:"Discouraged" Workers
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Sep. 09, 1991 Power Vacuum
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 56
- Down and Out: "Discouraged" Workers
- </hdr><body>
- <p> How many people are unemployed? According to the U.S.
- Department of Labor, the latest "official" rate of unem ployment
- is 6.8%--meaning that nearly 9 million of the civilian work
- force of 125 million are jobless. But the numbers don't come
- close to telling the whole story.
- </p>
- <p> To be counted as unemployed, you must not only be out of
- work but must also have actively looked for a job in the
- preceding four weeks. This definition excludes the 6 million
- Americans who work part time because they can't find full-time
- jobs. Some labor experts argue that many of these
- "underemployed" workers should be counted among the unemployed.
- Also excluded from the official statistics are so-called
- discouraged workers, the grossly understated term for those who
- have given up looking for work, usually after long and futile
- job searches, and simply dropped out of the labor force.
- </p>
- <p> Discouraged workers describes everyone from recently fired
- executives to frustrated college graduates to idle youths
- hanging out on street corners. Some haven't worked in months or
- years; others have never worked. With the economy in the
- doldrums and companies slashing payrolls, the ranks of the
- discouraged have been swelling rapidly as many workers abandon
- their search for jobs as hopeless. More than 981,000 Americans
- have dropped out of the labor market because of a lack of
- prospects--up 12% from last year and 14% from 1989. When the
- Labor Department first started tracking the group in 1967, it
- found about 500,000 work-force dropouts. If discouraged workers
- were factored into the statistics, the unemployment rate would
- exceed 8%.
- </p>
- <p> The discouraged work force has recently become the subject
- of a growing debate. Many economists argue that the number of
- discouraged workers has itself been underestimated. Not included
- in the category, for instance, are most of the nation's
- homeless. To be officially counted as unemployed, you must have
- an address. Some claim that the number of Americans who have
- given up looking for work is twice the official estimate. Most
- economists urge the Labor Department to beef up its reporting
- methods to improve its count of discouraged workers. Says former
- U.A.W. leader Douglas Fraser, now a professor of labor studies
- at Wayne State University in Detroit: "By undercounting the
- unemployed, the jobless problem is being disguised."
- </p>
- <p> Other economists, however, argue that a distinction should
- be made between those discouraged workers who remain available
- for work and those who do not even want a job. In a
- controversial change scheduled for 1994, the Labor Department
- plans to redefine discouraged workers as those who are still
- willing to work and have at least looked for a job in the
- preceding 12-month period. According to John Bregger, assistant
- commissioner of the Office of Current Employment Analysis, the
- change could reduce the official number of discouraged workers
- by about half.
- </p>
- <p> By Thomas McCarroll
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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